What is the Definition of an Earned Run? Does a Relief Pitcher's ERA Include Earned Runs That He Allows While He Is Pitching?

An earned run (ER) is a run that is charged against a pitcher when it is scored by a batter who reaches base via a hit, walk, or hit by pitch, and who advances to home plate without the benefit of an error or passed ball.

A relief pitcher's ERA does include earned runs that he allows while he is pitching. This is because the ERA is a measure of how many earned runs a pitcher allows per nine innings pitched. Therefore, all earned runs that a pitcher allows, regardless of whether he is a starter or a reliever, are counted towards his ERA.

  1. What is the difference between an earned run and an unearned run?
  2. How is a pitcher's ERA calculated?
  3. What is a good ERA for a relief pitcher?
  4. Can a relief pitcher's ERA be lower than his actual ERA?
  5. What are some factors that can affect a pitcher's ERA?
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