Baseball Statistics: How is ERA Calculated?
Earned Run Average (ERA) is a statistic used to measure the effectiveness of a pitcher. It represents the average number of earned runs allowed by a pitcher per nine innings pitched. ERA is calculated using the following formula:
ERA = (Earned Runs ÷ Innings Pitched) x 9
Earned Runs are runs that are scored against a pitcher as a result of his errors or those of his teammates. They do not include runs that are scored due to errors by the defense or walks.
Innings Pitched is the total number of innings a pitcher has thrown. It is calculated by adding up the total number of outs recorded by the pitcher, divided by three.
Example:
If a pitcher gives up 10 earned runs in 20 innings pitched, their ERA would be:
ERA = (10 ÷ 20) x 9
ERA = 4.50
A lower ERA indicates a more effective pitcher. The average ERA in Major League Baseball is typically around 4.00.
Common Questions About ERA
- Which type of runs are included in ERA? Earned runs only.
- How are innings pitched calculated? Outs recorded divided by three.
- What is a good ERA? ERA below 4.00 is considered good.
- What factors affect ERA? Errors by the pitcher and defense, and the number of walks allowed.
- Can ERA be used to compare pitchers from different eras? Not directly, due to changes in the game over time.
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