How Did Anthropology Emerge?
Anthropology emerged as a distinct discipline in the mid-19th century, following a convergence of intellectual and social factors.
Enlightenment Rationalism: The Enlightenment emphasized reason and empiricism, encouraging the scientific study of human culture and behavior.
Colonialism: European colonization brought explorers and missionaries into contact with diverse cultures, prompting interest in understanding their customs and beliefs.
Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution led to urbanization and social change, raising questions about the impact of these transformations on human society.
Evolutionary Theory: Charles Darwin's theory of evolution provided a framework for understanding the development of human culture and society.
Missionary and Missionary Societies: Christian missionaries were instrumental in collecting ethnographic data, providing valuable insights into non-Western cultures.
Related Questions and Answers:
- When did anthropology emerge as a distinct discipline? Answer: Mid-19th century.
- What intellectual movements contributed to its emergence? Answer: Enlightenment Rationalism, Colonialism.
- What role did the Industrial Revolution play? Answer: Raised questions about social transformation.
- How did evolutionary theory influence anthropology? Answer: Provided a framework for understanding cultural development.
- Who played a significant role in collecting ethnographic data? Answer: Christian missionaries.
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