What is the Extracellular Matrix of Eukaryotic Cells?
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of molecules that surrounds and supports eukaryotic cells. It plays a crucial role in various cellular functions, including cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and signaling.
Composition of the ECM:
The ECM is composed of three main components:
- Proteoglycans: These are hybrid molecules consisting of a protein core and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. GAGs are negatively charged polysaccharides that hydrate the ECM, forming a gel-like substance.
- Glycoproteins: These are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains. They mediate cell-ECM interactions and regulate cell signaling.
- Structural proteins: Collagen and elastin are two major structural proteins in the ECM. Collagen provides strength and rigidity, while elastin allows for flexibility and elasticity.
Functions of the ECM:
The ECM has numerous functions, including:
- Structural support: Provides physical support to cells.
- Cell adhesion: Mediates cell attachment to the underlying substrate.
- Cell migration: Guides cell movement during development and tissue repair.
- Cell differentiation: Influences cell fate and differentiation.
- Signaling: Transmits signals between cells and the ECM.
Related Questions:
- What is the main component of the ECM? Proteoglycans
- How does the ECM assist in cell migration? By guiding cell movement.
- What is the function of GAGs in the ECM? Hydration and formation of a gel-like substance.
- Which structural protein provides strength to the ECM? Collagen
- How does the ECM influence cell fate? By influencing cell differentiation.
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