What Components Make Up a Eukaryotic Cell's Cytoskeleton and What Are Their Functions?

The cytoskeleton is a complex network of protein filaments that provides structural support and organization to eukaryotic cells. Composed of three primary components – microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments – the cytoskeleton plays a critical role in numerous cellular functions.

Microtubules: - Hollow, cylindrical structures primarily composed of tubulin protein - Provide structural support, stabilize cell shape, and enable cellular movement - Function in cell division (spindle fibers) and intracellular transport (cilia and flagella)

Microfilaments: - Thin, solid fibers composed of actin protein - Form the cortical cytoskeleton beneath the cell membrane, maintaining cell shape - Participate in cell motility and muscle contraction

Intermediate Filaments: - Diverse group of filaments with varying compositions - Provide mechanical support and protect cells from stress - Maintain cell shape and stabilize tissues

Additional Functions of the Cytoskeleton:

  • Cell division (spindle fibers)
  • Intracellular trafficking (motor proteins)
  • Signal transduction (certain filaments)
  • Regulation of gene expression (interacting with DNA)

Questions and Answers:

  • What are the three main components of the cytoskeleton? Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
  • What is the primary function of microtubules? Structural support and cell movement.
  • What protein makes up microfilaments? Actin.
  • What is the role of intermediate filaments in cells? Mechanical support and cell shape maintenance.
  • How does the cytoskeleton contribute to cell division? Forms spindle fibers for chromosome separation.

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