What are Free Chlorine, Combined Chlorine, and Total Chlorine?
In swimming pool water, chlorine is essential for keeping it clean and safe to swim in. However, not all chlorine is the same. There are three main types of chlorine in pool water: free chlorine, combined chlorine, and total chlorine.
- Free chlorine is the active form of chlorine that kills bacteria and other contaminants.
- Combined chlorine is formed when free chlorine reacts with ammonia or other nitrogen compounds in the water. This form of chlorine is less effective at killing bacteria than free chlorine.
- Total chlorine measures the total amount of chlorine, both free and combined, in the water.
The ideal range for total chlorine in swimming pool water is 1-3 ppm (parts per million), with a free chlorine level of at least 0.5 ppm. Combined chlorine should be kept as low as possible, as it can irritate the eyes and skin.
Effects on Water Quality
- Free chlorine: Kills bacteria and other contaminants, keeping the water clean and safe.
- Combined chlorine: Less effective at killing bacteria than free chlorine, and can contribute to the formation of chloramines, which can cause eye and skin irritation.
- Total chlorine: Measures the total amount of chlorine in the water, both free and combined.
Related Questions
- What are the health effects of combined chlorine? Eye and skin irritation.
- How can I lower the levels of combined chlorine in my pool? Shock the pool with chlorine or use a chlorine neutralizer.
- What is the ideal chlorine level for a swimming pool? 1-3 ppm total chlorine, with a free chlorine level of at least 0.5 ppm.
- How often should I test my pool water for chlorine? Once a week or more often if the pool is heavily used.
- What are the signs of too much chlorine in pool water? Red eyes, itchy skin, and a strong chlorine odor.
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