Are there any sports that do not require referees or umpires Why do some sports have referees or umpires while others do not

Not all sports require referees or umpires. Some examples of sports that do not require referees or umpires include:

Running: Runners compete against each other or against the clock, and there is no need for a referee to make judgments about who wins or loses.
Swimming: Swimmers also compete against each other or against the clock, and there is no need for a referee to make judgments about who wins or loses.
Cycling: Cyclists compete against each other or against the clock, and there is no need for a referee to make judgments about who wins or loses.

Why do some sports have referees or umpires while others do not?

There are a few reasons why some sports have referees or umpires while others do not.

Complexity: Sports that are more complex require referees or umpires to make judgments about the rules of the game. For example, in football, referees must make judgments about whether a player is offside or if a tackle is legal.
Speed: Sports that are played at a high speed require referees or umpires to make quick decisions. For example, in basketball, referees must make judgments about whether a player has committed a foul.
Contact: Sports that involve physical contact require referees or umpires to ensure that the players are playing safely. For example, in hockey, referees must make judgments about whether a player has committed a penalty.

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Are there any sports that do not require referees or umpires? Why do some sports have referees or umpires while others do not?